A Review on the Features and Progress of Silicon Anodes-Based Solid-State Batteries

Advanced battery systems based on solid electrolytes promise superior energy storage performance and better security than current liquid electrolytes-based Li-ion batteries (LiBs). Li-metal anode solid-state batteries (SSBs) have been extensively studied, but chemically active Li seems to be incompatible with SSB systems featuring high safety and stability. This contradiction runs through the whole process of electrode fabrication, cell stacking, and battery operation. Poor chemical stability in air results in high manufacturing costs, dendritic formation, and uncontrolled interfacial reactions, increasing the risk of thermal runaway. Silicon anodes, characterized by high capacity, low working potential, mild chemical properties, and abundant natural resources, have been successfully applied in commercial liquid battery systems. Research on Si anodes-based SSBs (Si-SSBs) is of great significance given that the rapid development of energy storage field has put forward higher demands for energy density and safety. However, publications that comprehensively summarize studies of Si-SSBs, from fundamentals to practical applications are scarce. Therefore, this review is intended to provide a comprehensive overview of current research, involving the material, electrode, cell, and battery package of Si-SSBs, and then propose prospects for the future direction of scientific research and industrial development of SSBs.