非平衡界面动力学理论

Recently, the rapid advancement of extreme non-equilibrium material processing and fabrication techniques, such as 3D printing and rapid die-casting, has led to the continuous development of new materials with exceptional properties. However, current non-equilibrium processing technologies face technical challenges, such as the lack of clear guidelines for process optimization, which considerably limits the advancement and application of advanced materials. The solidification and solid phase transformations involved in materials prepared through non-equilibrium processing pertain to a non-equilibrium dissipative system and manifest throughout the entire dynamic process of material fabrication. By investigating key scientific issues such as non-equilibrium phase transformation dynamics, non-equilibrium solute diffusion, and solute-drag effects, developing a theoretical framework for the entire non-equilibrium material processing, from solidification to solid phase transformation is possible. This not only provides theoretical support for the design and fabrication of non-equilibrium materials but also introduces novel concepts for optimizing process parameters in non-equilibrium processing technologies. This review is crucial for advancing non-equilibrium phase transformation theory and deepening our understanding of fundamental theoretical research. Interfaces play a critical role in microstructure control during material processing, thereby making an accurate theoretical description of their kinetics is especially important. This review focuses on the common characteristics of liquid/solid interfaces during melting, solid/liquid interfaces during solidification, and solid/solid interfaces during solid state phase transformations and summarizes and analyzes the history and current state of sharp-interface models for interface kinetics. Using the solidification of binary alloys as an example, the review first introduces interface kinetic theories under local non-equilibrium conditions, covering descriptions of interface kinetic processes and interface kinetic models for steady-state and non-steady-state conditions. The physical nature of one-step and two-step trans-interface diffusion is demonstrated. Next, the review describes interface kinetic theories under full non-equilibrium conditions by comparing the applications of the kinetic energy method and the effective mobility method for non-equilibrium solute diffusion in bulk phases. Thereafter, it introduces interface kinetic theories incorporating the partial solute drag effect present and discusses limitations in current methods for addressing partial solute drag. This study aims to enhance understanding of interface kinetics, offering insights into microstructure control. Finally, an outlook on the future of non-equilibrium interface kinetic theories is provided, which outlines directions for future research.