针尖增强纳米光谱术

Tip-enhanced nanospectroscopy (TENS) is a high-spatial-resolution spectroscopic technique that integrates scanning probe microscopy (SPM) with nanofocusing light sources at the tip apex. This method enables the simultaneous acquisition of surface topography and chemical structural information at the nanometric and even sub-nanometric scale, providing a powerful tool for research in physics, chemistry, materials science, biology, and nanotechnology. This article begins with a brief introduction to the feedback mechanisms of three commonly used SPMs. It then systematically reviews the types of plasmonic tips, their excitation schemes, and nanofocusing characteristics. Furthermore, several typical configurations of TENS systems are discussed in detail. Finally, an overview is presented of the applications and recent advances of TENS in areas such as single-molecule imaging, nonlinear spectroscopy, coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering, fluorescence enhancement, and dark-state Raman visualization.