中国空间站超高温液态合金密度测定方法研究

Precise determination of ultrahigh-temperature liquid alloy density is crucial for fundamental materials science research and engineering applications. The microgravity environment of the China Space Station enables alloy droplets to maintain a sphericity difficult to achieve in ground-based environments, providing unparalleled conditions for intrinsic density measurement. Based on the containerless liquid alloy density measurement experiment on the China Space Station, this study analyzed the influence of sample sphericity S_r² on the density measurement of liquid alloys, which shows that space experiments play a key role in improving the accuracy of density measurement and reflecting the intrinsic properties of materials and established a parallel light projection simulation model, elucidating the imaging mechanism of droplet projection profiles and providing theoretical support for the reliability of edge detection algorithms. It also revealed the impact mechanism of observation window lens contamination on measurement accuracy, finding that lens contamination leads to systematic deviations in the captured image profile points. This discovery provides a reference for projection image correction, helping to improve the accuracy of profile recognition and density measurement. Using high-precision liquid alloy density measurement methods, the liquid densities of three refractory alloys—Nb_84.1Si_15.9, Zr₅₇V₄₃, and Ti_47.5Ni_47.5V₅—were successfully measured in situ via containerless experiments on the China Space Station at 1860–2385,1407–1788, and 1326–1800 K, respectively. This study not only provides benchmark-level experimental data for liquid alloy research but also offers new insights for improving the reliability of space materials science experimental data.